Strengthening basic research is an urgent requirement for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and is the only way to build a world science and technology powerhouse. The Party and the state have always attached great importance to basic research work. After the founding of New China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a call to "march towards science". The vast number of scientific and technological workers worked hard and independently, and achieved major basic research results such as the key scientific issues of "two bombs and one star", artificial synthetic bovine insulin, breakthroughs in multiple complex variable function theory, and proof of Goldbach's conjecture. After the reform and opening up, China ushered in the "spring of science", and successively implemented the "863 Program", "Climbing Plan", and "Program 973", which significantly enhanced the overall research strength and academic level of basic research. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has placed a more prominent position in enhancing original innovation capabilities, successfully organizing a batch of major basic research tasks, and building a batch of major technological infrastructure. Major original achievements in the forefront of basic research continue to emerge.

At present, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening, interdisciplinary integration is constantly advancing, scientific research paradigms are undergoing profound changes, science and technology and economic and social development are accelerating the infiltration and integration, basic research transformation cycle is significantly shortened, and international scientific and technological competition is moving towards the front edge of the foundation. To cope with international scientific and technological competition, achieve self-reliance in high-level science and technology, promote the construction of a Dual circulation, and achieve high-quality development, it is urgent for us to strengthen basic research and solve key technical problems from the source and bottom. Because of this, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China highlights the need to strengthen basic research, highlight originality, encourage free exploration, make strategic arrangements, and effectively implement them.

Firstly, strengthen the forward-looking, strategic, and systematic layout of basic research. Basic research is at the beginning of the scientific research chain from research to application, and then to production. Only with a solid foundation can the science and technology industry building be built high. Strengthening basic research should highlight forward-looking and strategic demand orientation, optimize resource allocation and layout structure, and provide basic theoretical support and technological source supply for innovative development.

We should adhere to the "four orientations", adhere to the goal orientation and free exploration, "walk on two legs", combine the world's scientific and technological frontier with the country's major strategic needs and economic and social development goals, coordinate and follow the frontier issues raised by scientific development laws and theoretical issues abstracted from major applied research, and refine key scientific issues in basic research. We need to grasp the trend of technological development and national strategic needs, strengthen the feasibility study and selection evaluation of major basic research projects, fully respect the opinions of scientists, grasp the overall trend, and make a good "first mover" move. It is necessary to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, promote the strategic oriented systematic basic research, the frontier oriented exploratory basic research, and the market-oriented applied basic research in an organized way, and pay attention to the leading role of the national laboratory, the organizational role of the national scientific research institutions, the main force of high-level Research university, and the role of science and technology leading enterprises as "question setters", "question respondents", and "paper readers". We should optimize the layout of basic disciplines, support the development of key disciplines, emerging disciplines, obscure disciplines and weak disciplines, promote interdisciplinary integration and Transdisciplinarity, and build a high-quality discipline system with comprehensive and balanced development.

Thirdly, build a high-level support platform for basic research. For a long time in the past, there was a problem in basic research in China where problems were found in foreign academic journals, instruments and equipment were imported from abroad, and results were obtained before being spent on foreign journals and platforms for publication. In recent years, China has made significant progress in building world-class scientific and technological journals, building a number of major power tools, and building basic research support platforms. However, there is still a long way to go to fundamentally solve the problem of "two sides outside".

We should coordinate to build a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics, lay out and build research centers for basic disciplines, speed up the construction of special basic research zones, deploy a new basic platform for scientific research informatization in advance, and form a strong backbone network for basic research. We need to scientifically plan and layout major scientific and technological infrastructure that is forward-looking, strategic, and application supported, strengthen supervision during and after facility construction, improve full lifecycle management, and comprehensively improve the level of openness and sharing and operational efficiency. We need to fight the battle for the localization of scientific and technological instruments, operating systems, and basic software, encourage research institutions, universities, and enterprises to carry out joint research, improve the level of localization substitution and application scale, and strive to achieve the early use of China's independent research platforms and instruments to solve major basic research problems. We need to accelerate the cultivation of world-class scientific and technological journals, build internationally influential scientific and technological literature and data platforms, initiate high-level international academic conferences, and encourage the publication, development, and utilization of major basic research achievements in Chinese journals and platforms

Fourthly, strengthen the construction of basic research talent teams. Strengthening basic research ultimately relies on high-level talents. In recent years, China has deeply implemented the strategy of strengthening the country through talent development, deepened the reform of the talent system and mechanism, and achieved significant results. However, there are still significant shortcomings in the basic research talent team. We must make efforts to build a systematic and high-level platform for cultivating basic research talents, so that more basic research talents can emerge in competition.

We need to increase the support for basic research talents through various talent programs, cultivate and utilize strategic scientists, support young scientific and technological talents to take on major responsibilities, actively introduce outstanding overseas talents, and continuously strengthen the leading scientific and technological talent team and first-class innovation team. It is necessary to clarify the evaluation methods and standards of how to "establish" after "breaking the four rationalities", improve the differential evaluation and long-term support mechanism for basic research talents, give science and technology leading talents greater control over human resources and property and the choice of Technology roadmap, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of basic research and talent growth. We need to strengthen the construction of scientific research and academic style, adhere to the combination of scientific supervision and integrity education, deeply promote the governance of scientific research and academic style, guide scientific and technological personnel to abandon exaggeration, dispel impatience, and sit firmly on the "cold bench". We must adhere to the path of independent cultivation of basic research talents, deeply implement the "High School Student Talent Plan", "Strong Foundation Plan", and "Top notch Basic Subject Student Training Plan", optimize the basic subject education system, give full play to the role of universities, especially the "Double First Class" universities, as the main force for cultivating basic research talents, strengthen the urgently needed high-level talent cultivation of the country, and continuously cultivate a large-scale reserve force for basic research。

Fifth, extensive international cooperation in basic research should be carried out. At present, international scientific and technological cooperation faces the impact and challenge of Unilateralism and protectionism of a few countries. To solve the challenges of common development, humanity needs international cooperation and open sharing more than ever before. No country can become an independent innovation center or enjoy the fruits of innovation alone. China should adhere to expanding international exchanges and cooperation in basic research with more open thinking and measures, and create an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness.

We need to build an international platform for basic research cooperation, take the lead in implementing the international big science plan and big science engineering, establish a global scientific research fund, increase the openness of national science and technology plans to the outside world, and expand and deepen joint research between China and foreign countries around global issues such as climate change, energy security, biosafety, and outer space utilization. We need to proactively plan and deeply participate in global science and technology governance, participate in or initiate the establishment of international science and technology organizations, support domestic universities, research institutes, and technology organizations to connect with the international community, and improve laws and regulations, ethical review rules, and regulatory frameworks. We must be brave and adept at struggle, strive to enhance the openness, trust, and cooperation of the international scientific and technological community, make new and greater contributions to the progress of human civilization with more major original innovations and breakthroughs in key core technologies, and effectively safeguard China's scientific and technological security interests.

Sixth, shape an innovative ecosystem that is conducive to basic research. Conducting basic research requires both material guarantee and spiritual motivation. Several generations of scientific and technological workers in China have jointly shaped the innovative ecology with Chinese characteristics and become an inexhaustible driving force supporting the development of basic research through the continuous struggle of the "two bombs and one satellite" spirit, the spirit of moving to the west, the spirit of Human spaceflight, the spirit of scientists, the spirit of exploring the moon, and the spirit of the new era Beidou.

We should vigorously promote the scientific spirit of pursuing truth and daring to climb new heights throughout society, widely promote advanced models and deeds emerging in basic research and other scientific and technological fields, educate and guide scientific and technological workers to inherit the glorious tradition of the older generation of scientists dedicating themselves to the country and caring for the people, write papers on the land of our country, and apply scientific research achievements to the great cause of building a socialist modernized country in all respects. We need to strengthen the construction of national science popularization capacity, deeply implement the action of improving the scientific literacy of the whole people, disseminate scientific knowledge and showcase scientific achievements through multiple channels, both online and offline, and establish a social trend of loving and advocating science. To effectively promote the integration of science and education, we should do a good job in adding scientific education in the "double reduction" of education, sow the seeds of science, stimulate the curiosity, imagination, and exploration of young people, and cultivate a group of young people with the potential of scientists who are willing to devote themselves to scientific research.

Party committees and governments at all levels should include strengthening basic research in the important agenda of scientific and technological work, strengthen overall coordination, increase policy support, and promote high-quality development of basic research. Leaders and cadres at all levels should learn scientific and technological knowledge, carry forward the spirit of science, take the initiative to help scientific and technological workers solve problems, loosen ties, reduce burdens, and cheer, and implement a series of strategic deployments of the Party Central Committee on scientific and technological innovation.

Source: Qiushi 2023/15

加强基础研究，是实现高水平科技自立自强的迫切要求，是建设世界科技强国的必由之路。党和国家历来重视基础研究工作。新中国成立后，党中央发出“向科学进军”号召，广大科技工作者自力更生、艰苦奋斗，取得“两弹一星”关键科学问题、人工合成牛胰岛素、多复变函数论突破、哥德巴赫猜想证明等重大基础研究成果。改革开放后，我国迎来“科学的春天”，先后实施“863计划”、“攀登计划”、“973计划”，基础研究整体研究实力和学术水平显著增强。党的十八大以来，党中央把提升原始创新能力摆在更加突出的位置，成功组织一批重大基础研究任务、建成一批重大科技基础设施，基础前沿方向重大原创成果持续涌现。

当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，学科交叉融合不断推进，科学研究范式发生深刻变革，科学技术和经济社会发展加速渗透融合，基础研究转化周期明显缩短，国际科技竞争向基础前沿前移。应对国际科技竞争、实现高水平科技自立自强，推动构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展，迫切需要我们加强基础研究，从源头和底层解决关键技术问题。正因为如此，党的二十大报告突出强调要加强基础研究、突出原创、鼓励自由探索，作出战略部署，要切实落实到位。

第一，强化基础研究前瞻性、战略性、系统性布局。基础研究处于从研究到应用、再到生产的科研链条起始端，地基打得牢，科技事业大厦才能建得高。加强基础研究要突出前瞻性、战略性需求导向，优化资源配置和布局结构，为创新发展提供基础理论支撑和技术源头供给。

要坚持“四个面向”，坚持目标导向和自由探索“两条腿走路”，把世界科技前沿同国家重大战略需求和经济社会发展目标结合起来，统筹遵循科学发展规律提出的前沿问题和重大应用研究中抽象出的理论问题，凝练基础研究关键科学问题。要把握科技发展趋势和国家战略需求，加强基础研究重大项目可行性论证和遴选评估，充分尊重科学家意见，把握大趋势、下好“先手棋”。要强化国家战略科技力量，有组织推进战略导向的体系化基础研究、前沿导向的探索性基础研究、市场导向的应用性基础研究，注重发挥国家实验室引领作用、国家科研机构建制化组织作用、高水平研究型大学主力军作用和科技领军企业“出题人”、“答题人”、“阅卷人”作用。要优化基础学科建设布局，支持重点学科、新兴学科、冷门学科和薄弱学科发展，推进学科交叉融合和跨学科研究，构筑全面均衡发展的高质量学科体系。

第二，深化基础研究体制机制改革。世界已经进入大科学时代，基础研究组织化程度越来越高，制度保障和政策引导对基础研究产出的影响越来越大。我国支持基础研究和原始创新的体制机制已基本建立但尚不完善，必须优化细化改革方案，发挥好制度、政策的价值驱动和战略牵引作用。

要稳步增加基础研究财政投入，通过税收优惠等多种方式激励企业加大投入，鼓励社会力量设立科学基金、科学捐赠等多元投入，提升国家自然科学基金及其联合基金资助效能，建立完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制。要优化国家科技计划基础研究支持体系，完善基础研究项目组织、申报、评审和决策机制，实施差异化分类管理和国际国内同行评议，组织开展面向重大科学问题的协同攻关，鼓励自由探索式研究和非共识创新研究。要处理好新型举国体制与市场机制的关系，健全同基础研究长周期相匹配的科技评价激励、成果应用转化、科技人员薪酬等制度，长期稳定支持一批基础研究创新基地、优势团队和重点方向，打造原始创新策源地和基础研究先锋力量。提高基础研究投入是大趋势，同时要考虑国家财力，保持合理投入强度，加强实施过程绩效评估，确保“好钢用在刀刃上”。

第三，建设基础研究高水平支撑平台。过去很长一段时间，我国基础研究存在题目从国外学术期刊上找、仪器设备从国外进口、取得成果后再花钱到国外期刊和平台上发表的“两头在外”问题。近年来，我国着力打造世界一流科技期刊、建成一批大国重器，基础研究支撑平台建设取得长足进步，但是从根本上破解“两头在外”问题还任重道远。

我们要协同构建中国特色国家实验室体系，布局建设基础学科研究中心，加快建设基础研究特区，超前部署新型科研信息化基础平台，形成强大的基础研究骨干网络。要科学规划布局前瞻引领型、战略导向型、应用支撑型重大科技基础设施，强化设施建设事中事后监管，完善全生命周期管理，全面提升开放共享水平和运行效率。要打好科技仪器设备、操作系统和基础软件国产化攻坚战，鼓励科研机构、高校同企业开展联合攻关，提升国产化替代水平和应用规模，争取早日实现用我国自主的研究平台、仪器设备来解决重大基础研究问题。要加快培育世界一流科技期刊，建设具有国际影响力的科技文献和数据平台，发起高水平国际学术会议，鼓励重大基础研究成果率先在我国期刊、平台上发表和开发利用。

第四，加强基础研究人才队伍建设。加强基础研究，归根结底要靠高水平人才。近年来，我国深入实施人才强国战略，深化人才体制机制改革，取得显著成效，但基础研究人才队伍仍有明显短板。必须下气力打造体系化、高层次基础研究人才培养平台，让更多基础研究人才竞相涌现。

要加大各类人才计划对基础研究人才支持力度，培养使用战略科学家，支持青年科技人才挑大梁、担重任，积极引进海外优秀人才，不断壮大科技领军人才队伍和一流创新团队。要明确“破四唯”后怎么“立”的评价方式和标准，完善基础研究人才差异化评价和长周期支持机制，赋予科技领军人才更大的人财物支配权和技术路线选择权，构建符合基础研究规律和人才成长规律的评价体系。要加强科研学风作风建设，坚持科学监督与诚信教育相结合，纵深推进科研作风学风治理，引导科技人员摒弃浮夸、祛除浮躁，坐住坐稳“冷板凳”。要坚持走基础研究人才自主培养之路，深入实施 “中学生英才计划”、“强基计划”、“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划”，优化基础学科教育体系，发挥高校特别是“双一流”高校基础研究人才培养主力军作用，加强国家急需高层次人才培养，源源不断地造就规模宏大的基础研究后备力量。

第五，广泛开展基础研究国际合作。当前，国际科技合作面临少数国家单边主义、保护主义的冲击和挑战。人类要破解共同发展难题，比以往任何时候都更需要国际合作和开放共享，没有一个国家可以成为独立的创新中心或独享创新成果。我国要坚持以更加开放的思维和举措扩大基础研究等国际交流合作，营造具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态。

我们要构筑国际基础研究合作平台，牵头实施国际大科学计划和大科学工程，设立面向全球的科学研究基金，加大国家科技计划对外开放力度，围绕气候变化、能源安全、生物安全、外层空间利用等全球问题，拓展和深化中外联合科研。要前瞻谋划和深度参与全球科技治理，参加或发起设立国际科技组织，支持国内高校、科研院所、科技组织同国际对接，完善法律法规、伦理审查规则和监管框架。我们要敢于斗争、善于斗争，努力增进国际科技界开放、信任、合作，以更多重大原始创新和关键核心技术突破为人类文明进步作出新的更大贡献，并有效维护我国的科技安全利益。

第六，塑造有利于基础研究的创新生态。开展基础研究既需要物质保障，更需要精神激励。我国几代科技工作者通过接续奋斗铸就的“两弹一星”精神、西迁精神、载人航天精神、科学家精神、探月精神、新时代北斗精神等，共同塑造了中国特色创新生态，成为支撑基础研究发展的不竭动力。

要在全社会大力弘扬追求真理、勇攀高峰的科学精神，广泛宣传基础研究等科技领域涌现的先进典型和事迹，教育引导广大科技工作者传承老一辈科学家以身许国、心系人民的光荣传统，把论文写在祖国的大地上，把科研成果应用在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的伟大事业中。要加强国家科普能力建设，深入实施全民科学素质提升行动，线上线下多渠道传播科学知识、展示科技成就，树立热爱科学、崇尚科学的社会风尚。要切实推进科教融汇，在教育“双减”中做好科学教育加法，播撒科学种子，激发青少年好奇心、想象力、探求欲，培育具备科学家潜质、愿意献身科学研究事业的青少年群体。

各级党委和政府要把加强基础研究纳入科技工作重要日程，加强统筹协调，加大政策支持力度，推动基础研究实现高质量发展。各级领导干部要学习科技知识、发扬科学精神，主动靠前为科技工作者排忧解难、松绑减负、加油鼓劲，把党中央关于科技创新的一系列战略部署落到实处。

来源：《求是》2023/15